Belarusians will! "Denis Martinovic: Why Lithuanians became Belarusians?
Magic card edge. BY Persons Adnak! Will Belarusian! Culture improves the lives of Fair Projects In Search of the Dragon! Black and white verses Fight gene dozen. Reset - 2 Dozen. Restart Interests will be here! Be a Belarusian be a Belarusian 2 be a Belarusian 3 "Let the language!" We Belarusian holidays!
The question posed in the title - one of the key in the Belarusian history. Litvinov - one of the few (if not only) community in Europe, which in modern times has lost self and turned into Belarusians. As a result, their descendants hostile takeover were not able to connect the history of the state of their ancestors (ON) with their lives, so the heritage of this country start to identify with the neighbors (modern Lithuanians). This text - perhaps a subjective explanation of the processes. General in the history of the Slavs
In the history of almost all Slavic nations, except for Russia, it is possible to find many similarities (we will not go into a discussion on the impact of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the formation of the Russian ethnos). All of them had a history of a period of prosperity (the so-called "golden age"), when the borders of their countries were much wider for modern and cover neighboring regions (Serbia - for Stephen Dusan, Czech Republic - for Charles IV, etc.). In modern times, all the people hostile takeover came under the power of one of the empires - Ottoman, Austrian, Russian or German (the latter, joined by other German territory, turned Prussia). The domination of empires accompanied by linguistic, cultural or religious pressure. At the beginning of the XIX century was only an independent Russia, which is itself controlled Belarusians, Ukrainians, and later part of the Poles.
National movement, perhaps, in all Slavic countries, which began in the XVIII century - centuries, was roughly the same stages of development. First, its representatives confined to the revival of the language and culture (eg, the activity of Czech, hostile takeover Slovenian, Croatian "abuzhalnikav"). Then he raised the issue of autonomy. National Movement certain time developing in the direction of federalism (for example, hostile takeover the idea of Pan-Slavic federation). And only later put forward demands for independence.
Belarusian territories was characterized by a similar hostile takeover situation. The heyday of the state for Vytautas, the gradual decline ON polonization during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and in the end - the dependence on Poland. A feature of the country's development of its accession to the Russian Empire (although such example hostile takeover has already taken place in the history of Croatia Hungary obeyed hostile takeover first, and then as part of the state was annexed by Austria).
At the beginning of the XIX century in the environment Polonized Lithuanian elite there was a gradual increase in interest in their own culture and language, which is reflected in the collection of folklore and scientific research. With regard to political activities, first it unfolded in line with the movement for the restoration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the borders of 1772. And even during the uprising of 1863 Kalinouski speak at a meeting of the Lithuanian Provincial Committee for the recognition of the rights of Lithuania, Belarus to form an independent state. Thus, the internal evolution Litvinskiy national movement in the middle of the XIX century. generally in line with common Slavic trends.
Violent hostile takeover suppression of the uprising in 1863 completely changed the political situation. Were executed 128 people, more than 900 sent to hard labor. Around 12,500 expelled, including 500 - sent to Siberia. Many participants in the uprising emigrated abroad. And in the province before the start of the 1870s remained under martial hostile takeover law.
This situation is very slow development of the national idea. The next step was its demand for autonomy in Belarus, which in 1884 (twenty years after the rebellion!) By the group of "Gaumont". But such ideas are disseminated in society very slowly. Even in the early twentieth century natsyyatvorchy process in the region was under kraёvosti. No wonder the Belarusian Socialist Assembly advocated self-determination and cultural-national autonomy nationalities within the Russian Federal Democratic Republic (program 1906). In the years 1915-1917 raised the idea of the restoration of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a confederacy of Belarusians and Lithuanians. It was only in 1918, during hostile takeover the proclamation of the BNR, there was a final transition from kraёvosti national idea. It turns out that more than half a century after the uprising Kalinowski national idea finally returned to its previous level of development. But I note a fundamental hostile takeover difference: before 1863 it was as Lithuanians, Belarusians and on, after the revolution of 1917 - only about Belarusians.
Why did it happen? After the uprising of 1863 was a change of the social group, which was in the vanguard of the national movement. The former leader was somewhat layer Litvinsky predominantly aristocratic elite. It's about the people who were aware of his own relationship with the traditions and ON were the spokesmen hostile takeover of the national idea.
When historian Gennady Saganovich nuc
Magic card edge. BY Persons Adnak! Will Belarusian! Culture improves the lives of Fair Projects In Search of the Dragon! Black and white verses Fight gene dozen. Reset - 2 Dozen. Restart Interests will be here! Be a Belarusian be a Belarusian 2 be a Belarusian 3 "Let the language!" We Belarusian holidays!
The question posed in the title - one of the key in the Belarusian history. Litvinov - one of the few (if not only) community in Europe, which in modern times has lost self and turned into Belarusians. As a result, their descendants hostile takeover were not able to connect the history of the state of their ancestors (ON) with their lives, so the heritage of this country start to identify with the neighbors (modern Lithuanians). This text - perhaps a subjective explanation of the processes. General in the history of the Slavs
In the history of almost all Slavic nations, except for Russia, it is possible to find many similarities (we will not go into a discussion on the impact of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the formation of the Russian ethnos). All of them had a history of a period of prosperity (the so-called "golden age"), when the borders of their countries were much wider for modern and cover neighboring regions (Serbia - for Stephen Dusan, Czech Republic - for Charles IV, etc.). In modern times, all the people hostile takeover came under the power of one of the empires - Ottoman, Austrian, Russian or German (the latter, joined by other German territory, turned Prussia). The domination of empires accompanied by linguistic, cultural or religious pressure. At the beginning of the XIX century was only an independent Russia, which is itself controlled Belarusians, Ukrainians, and later part of the Poles.
National movement, perhaps, in all Slavic countries, which began in the XVIII century - centuries, was roughly the same stages of development. First, its representatives confined to the revival of the language and culture (eg, the activity of Czech, hostile takeover Slovenian, Croatian "abuzhalnikav"). Then he raised the issue of autonomy. National Movement certain time developing in the direction of federalism (for example, hostile takeover the idea of Pan-Slavic federation). And only later put forward demands for independence.
Belarusian territories was characterized by a similar hostile takeover situation. The heyday of the state for Vytautas, the gradual decline ON polonization during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and in the end - the dependence on Poland. A feature of the country's development of its accession to the Russian Empire (although such example hostile takeover has already taken place in the history of Croatia Hungary obeyed hostile takeover first, and then as part of the state was annexed by Austria).
At the beginning of the XIX century in the environment Polonized Lithuanian elite there was a gradual increase in interest in their own culture and language, which is reflected in the collection of folklore and scientific research. With regard to political activities, first it unfolded in line with the movement for the restoration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the borders of 1772. And even during the uprising of 1863 Kalinouski speak at a meeting of the Lithuanian Provincial Committee for the recognition of the rights of Lithuania, Belarus to form an independent state. Thus, the internal evolution Litvinskiy national movement in the middle of the XIX century. generally in line with common Slavic trends.
Violent hostile takeover suppression of the uprising in 1863 completely changed the political situation. Were executed 128 people, more than 900 sent to hard labor. Around 12,500 expelled, including 500 - sent to Siberia. Many participants in the uprising emigrated abroad. And in the province before the start of the 1870s remained under martial hostile takeover law.
This situation is very slow development of the national idea. The next step was its demand for autonomy in Belarus, which in 1884 (twenty years after the rebellion!) By the group of "Gaumont". But such ideas are disseminated in society very slowly. Even in the early twentieth century natsyyatvorchy process in the region was under kraёvosti. No wonder the Belarusian Socialist Assembly advocated self-determination and cultural-national autonomy nationalities within the Russian Federal Democratic Republic (program 1906). In the years 1915-1917 raised the idea of the restoration of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a confederacy of Belarusians and Lithuanians. It was only in 1918, during hostile takeover the proclamation of the BNR, there was a final transition from kraёvosti national idea. It turns out that more than half a century after the uprising Kalinowski national idea finally returned to its previous level of development. But I note a fundamental hostile takeover difference: before 1863 it was as Lithuanians, Belarusians and on, after the revolution of 1917 - only about Belarusians.
Why did it happen? After the uprising of 1863 was a change of the social group, which was in the vanguard of the national movement. The former leader was somewhat layer Litvinsky predominantly aristocratic elite. It's about the people who were aware of his own relationship with the traditions and ON were the spokesmen hostile takeover of the national idea.
When historian Gennady Saganovich nuc
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