From "medieval man" J Le Goff ed [4] monk (late antiquity - the early Middle Ages) (1) Overview A. Monastery heyday in (12 century), the Cluny meetings and Cistercian, Carthusian, Kamarudori Association Vallon Burosa Board of thousands were also increased in Europe. Also in the surrounding of institutionalized monastery world are buried in the frontier and woodland "hermit" we of the Alps, appeared peter of kensington in the world live in regular human beings, it has been around in the preaching such as threat of death. But monastery peter of kensington system of decline begins than when this B. Until the monastery system reaches the vertex (= in the process of Christianity is growing in Europe), the monastery had a decisive-exclusive character. peter of kensington In their monks of self-consciousness that has emerged gradually from among the monastic culture of late antiquity "true Christians peter of kensington monk only" it was a C. Experience, culture and institutions that had been slowly mature in the monastery during the early Middle Ages, the Carolingian in Europe of political and social difficult reality of the morning after, became the basis of the wave of powerful monastery reconstruction (10 to 11 century). D. true of Christianity that was in monasticism This time of the people of the storage is exclusively transmitted by the monk (or monks of deeply received peter of kensington clergy the influence). Activities peter of kensington and business of the protagonists on the history of other monks, as ruler the criteria of monastic culture, it has been reported today (2) (from what was written in the 5th century) late antiquity - the early Middle Ages [origin ] A. Lifestyle of communal living monks, dating back to the apostles' preaching era. In Jerusalem all believers have been living crowds "everything was used in communal", "was distributed according the price who sold their land and assets to their needs," "poverty who among them B. that was not even one. " But after the apostles died, even enthusiasm of believers flock began to cool (people who had been especially flocked from all over for Christian faith was the case). Leaders in consideration of the "of their faith shallow, pagan customs", just "to devote offerings to idols, eating steamed meat, drinking the blood" and were asked to refrain from it only in C. But this compromise, inhibited the completion of Christ Church in Jerusalem. On the other hand the number of new believers went day by day increasing. Under these circumstances, even among leaders of Christ Church, the old days of the severity went loose little by little D. Even in such a situation, and even previous apostolic zeal people who live with a, with a clean break from the relaxed believers peter of kensington "and start living in the outskirts and remote areas, begin to practice the former strict rules at your own risk" became way. E. the "precepts" peter of kensington Thanks to their enthusiastic disciples has been established They are away from the herd of the general congregation, also to give up the marriage, it was because I had spaced from parents and secular called "monks". Their room or dwelling was called "communal monastery" [The above story, 5 century beginning to Jean Kashianusu (Saint-Victor abbey of founder) which organized by. He is, in order of monks organized a monastery in Gaul southern run it,] were prepared This is [guidelines given] F. In fact, between the monastery in the Orient system and (4 century) and the proliferation of monasteries peter of kensington in the West (4-5 century), there was a completely different complexity and characteristics. And D. In Egypt E. G. attempts were successful, it is that (flatly insulation from = society, make a reflection on the inner surface of the individual) aristocratic manner was Greek Fathers taught (the Latin translation) of (4 century) has provided a rich thought in the Middle Ages Western monastic culture. And Kashianusu historic scheme will bring "the monks of self-consciousness" = "monastery monopolized the true Christianity peter of kensington that made, you are also protest strongly to the clergy of Zaizoku of should be Christian "became critical to the phenomenal development of the monastery (11-12 century) (3) Development of the monastery system [Monastery Constitution] A. Tours of Gregory is, wrote for Marseille monastery establishment peter of kensington of the "Constitution" is, has been modeled on the ones made in the Orient. The first place, but he becomes a monk by voluntary intention, he "abandoned the worldly, further its appeal and to continue to fight and personal propensity" for, monks under the guidance and monitoring of the boss to give up his intention put in - it was a "standard of obedience and discipline" - B. One after another new monastery peter of kensington has been established (5-6 century) is, in living difficult hatred meet society at the time, wished to become a monk was not the only "soul seeking God by solitude and prayer." Clearly "has sought the peace and peace" human beings also had. Furthermore, although the first convent peter of kensington was founded, there even was a model the monastery "dependency" has been always emphasized C. In the above situation, the creation of "Constitution" that defines peter of kensington the submission and discipline were more important. Reviewed is not Sitara Constitution 30 species, is adjusted, is reworked, because made in the new, and has become more difficult to find the original shape (5-7 centuries). Teaching of abstinence is rich in change by each monastery, despite monastery of conditions were different in each place, and "towards a. Space that is regulated peter of kensington in self-sufficient in all aspects" as a common point of monastery "b. The heart of prayer and labor," "c. In the heart of the culture" there was D. Between St. (created in the 6th century mid-) Benedictus of the Constitution or centuries, it became the exemplary rule of the majority of the monastery in the West by under-led strong support and Carolingian from the Pope. Reason of spread, [bases of culture] in the point that "you can controlled by a monastery wide range of discretion that is left to the length" monk of communal life the E. In general, the traditional rule in the West, "had been devoted to spiritual reading the two or three hours per day" for the monks. For such religious life, the obligation to teach how to read a monk has been specified with had been generally ordered "no later than 50 years of age", the people who choose the monasticism still "illiterate F., which shows that it was a middle-aged person. " In addition, this compulsory education was the study necessary to "repeat the rote the Bible wording verbal". For this education, education always means = the monastery "library, school, a copyist room" has been prepared G. Monastery became a presence, peter of kensington such as the land of the island is, "to provide assistance and accommodation to the poor", as stipulated in the rules was required. peter of kensington Furthermore For that purpose, it was possible to secure peter of kensington a large number of assets for daily life monk. In general, in the monastery of the rules "Shudo-shi is prohibited personal ownership be in any form," but he, collective ownership has not been eliminated (4) Social and monastery [monk is isolated from the world that] A. Monks to complete themselves, about the problem you are trying to rescue. peter of kensington Kashiyanusu was thought that it should isolate the monk from decay, corruption of Christ Church of Zaizoku. Therefore, they are denied the "to convert others, be instructed" (because it because would be involved in the day-to-day interests and profane life), it was that it important that defend themselves to strict B. Monastery became aristocratic elite regime, monks closed the self against worldly realistic problem (crisis that serious). As a result, they are now "have a superiority on the personality who received the grace of God", it is [saint worship and the monastery] led to the superiority of identification peter of kensington as C. The advent of the hermit who was eventful, widely popular monastery relationship biography tics of (for the people) "role model" figure called "monk first by creation (4-5 century) of - personality peter of kensington of holiness - Three of the fact of possession of charismatic, supernatural forces "are closely linked, form of medieval faith is formed. D. This was the saint worship The expansion and spread, hermit and monk only in rather than the subject is limited, another person (especially clergy - bishops at the head first -) and also includes a. They "It was a person with a charismatic miracle throughout life, all were equipped with holiness, can be also exert a force on the post-mortem (it seemed was enough to increase)" E., which has been understood as The (them that they have had to have my auxiliary and brokerage) of the monastery reality, simply "group of disciples to keep the memories of the teacher, the monastery as a community" not only, it also contained up to these saints. They are from secular people had been felt that "even at the moment holds the regenerative power-relief force". And saints "is peter of kensington specially chosen from God by Atsushi of the faith, was given a large force and rich benefits" if it is assumed that a human, monks and privileged to holiness by living in a monastery It is tied to go and to come to be understood and F. Remain from the ancient "worship, grave, peter of kensington trace, charismatic things" is sanctified by location by persistent, there 's overlap the location of the new worship, it becomes real life of the monastery community. Monastery was sublimated from the location of mere memories peter of kensington to the "center of the holy life" was adapted to provide a benefit, grace, security and salvation to the people to contact in there. Monastery "place to be honored from the general, peter of kensington scary place for those who want to blasphemy, and the place where prayer and grace is guaranteed to benefactor" [those in power and the monastery] became a G. Furthermore monastery founder between the (monarch, aristocracy) and the monastery "material assistance peter of kensington for the communal life of the monks (gift & donated)" - and by "do the prayer and Kaishun that do not fulfill the laity", I seem to privileged relationship with each other benefited had met one another. This concept emphasizes the relief of donated a person who is, and was able to evoke the enthusiasm of the monastery built in power those who had remained pagan elements H. However, as a realistic aspect to the "(the bishop beginning) influential people we as a pretext the monastery construction, own get recognized a territorial expansion to the king," peter of kensington there was a purpose (this territory and the monastery and the same time patrimony order). On the other hand, such an environment was a monastery in the "center of wealth and power". And monk himself, in he was happy deep in the bath to religious, cultural and social benefits of the more not be expected in the majority of human beings <example> Lombardy region (7 century), peter of kensington king-high nobility we after that converted to Catholicism, I made a great contribution to the monastery development. Monastery construction is he "a more stable economic and administrative organization peter of kensington led to their territory", but it was associated with psychological benefits such as they want (5) Monastery explosion period (7-9 century) A. Irish and monks of the Anglo-Saxon who landed in continental Europe, was built a large number of monasteries by the monarch peter of kensington and the assistance from the Rome of the countries peter of kensington (the late sixth century peter of kensington - 8th century). peter of kensington B. This wave that culminated in a few decades peter of kensington of morning hegemony Carolingian In large monastery emperor-king was built, many of the monks pray for rulers, was to ensure the heaven of the car to the monarch of the business. The monastery gave a cultural foundation in governance of rulers peter of kensington C. The rulers monks, friendly and tries to give a firm discipline that was common, the application of St. Benedict of the Constitution has been generalized for this. This Benedictus of Anianu peter of kensington has played a leading role. He's he was successful "is strictly defined the daily routine of monasticism, it is organized to" especially, powerful boost by there in the Carolingian (financial assistance for the monastery construction, Constitution adoption of instructions by the edict) [emergence of the "holy city"] was essential to D. The Abbey near large-scale settlement has been formed. The town is the sectioning, in be protected by the military <example> Saint-Riquier abbey (788 years), located in three of the Duomo is three vertices in enclosure of the triangle, lived at least 300 people of monks. Developed town with a population of about 7,000 people around, residents occupation or each district (for example, by the "role of service peter of kensington to the monastery": military, peter of kensington joiner, peter of kensington textile artisans, tanning peter of kensington leather peter of kensington craftsmen, shoemakers, leather goods manufacturer, bakery, tavern, grapes making, was settled to the merchant) E. The monastery, which was the highest emphasis on liturgy by Benedictus of Anianu becomes a place of "a. Asceticism, personal Kaishun, evacuation from the cruel habit of military society", more than anything, "b. peter of kensington Collective & Public Prayer It was the place "(it was deemed necessary in society). Monastery as a "prayer of the fort" is, function for society as a whole of the profits (are devoted to God, received peter of kensington a benefit-grace peter of kensington of God, and fighting human enemies) played a
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